Case 4: HabEx 4S, metric C2

The HabEx Starshade only case utilizes the starshade for the blind search and the orbit determination. The characterization was taken immediately after the initial detection. Immediate characterization ensures that a spectrum is acquired before the exoplanet can propagate to an unfavorable, and possibly unknown, position at the next epoch of potential starshade observation.

Subsequent visits were used for detections for orbit determination. This is a change from the observing scenarios for the coronagraph and the coronagraph/starshade hybrid in which the agility of the coronagraph allowed for frequent, lightly constrained imaging observations. This results in more exoplanets being spectrally characterized than having their orbits determined.

Dynamic Detection and Characterization Plots

These plots show several quantities relating to detection and characterization in distance/luminosity coordinates. Each star in the target list is represented by one dot in the plot, shaded according to the selected quantity. Some stars in the target list are not observable by the instrument due to SNR limitations, and they are shown in gray.

Hovering over the dot drills down to the target name with exact numerical values and uncertainties. All quantities shown by shading are averages across the runs in the ensemble, and the indicated standard deviation is the standard deviation across the ensemble. This standard deviation captures the inherent variability of the quantity due to the random simulated universe and observational scheduling, if applicable. For instance, the number of exo-earths per star is approximately 0.24, and thus the variance of the underlying Poisson count of exo-earths is also 0.24, for a typical standard deviation of 0.49. The popup also shows the standard error of the given average, which is the above standard deviation divided by the square root of the ensemble size. This “standard error of the mean” is the error in the given average due to Monte Carlo sampling.

Interactive Detection Plot Widget

Detection QOI for Plot Shading:

Caption

Interactive Characterization Plot Widget

Characterization QOI for Plot Shading:

Caption

PNG static plots

Histogram of earths characterized

A histogram showing the average, across the ensemble, of the number of exo-earths successfully characterized. The bars sum to one.

Observation timeline

A time-based plot showing the observing timeline – detections, taking of spectra, slews, and other non-exoplanet observations – from a single representative mission. Slews are shown in narrow gray bars along with taking of spectra. In all timelines, alternating dark and light colors are a visual aid to separate events which are sometimes closely spaced. Integration windows shorter than one day have been enlarged to one day to ensure they are visible in the plot. more

A time-based plot showing the observing timeline – detections, taking of spectra, slews, and other non-exoplanet observations – from a single representative mission. Slews are shown in narrow gray bars along with taking of spectra. In all timelines, alternating dark and light colors are a visual aid to separate events which are sometimes closely spaced. Integration windows shorter than one day have been enlarged to one day to ensure they are visible in the plot. less

Keepout for chars

(will write caption if included). Timeline: Keepout Overlaid with Observations Showing Characterization Targets and Keepout Detections: Blue; Characterizations: Green; Obscured: Gray Mission Observation and Keepout Timeline for 229154300: Year 1

Event count, dets and chars

Histogram of the average number of events related to observations: detections, characterizations, and detections resulting in target promotion. The values for each sum to one when added across the event count on the abscissa.

Cumulative mission obs

Time spent in different modes (detection, characterization, slew), cumulatively as a function of mission elapsed time. Detection time can overlap slew time. Standard deviation across the ensemble is illustrated by the plot bars.

Cumulative Earth chars

The average number of exo-earths characterized versus time, as a cumulative total up to the given time. One value is plotted for each month of mission elapsed time. The error bars are at plus and minus one standard deviation, again computed across the ensemble. The line for all characterizations is the sum of unique characterizations and revisits.

Cumulative det earths

The average number of exo-earths detected versus time, as a cumulative total up to the given time. One value is plotted for each month of mission elapsed time. The error bars are at plus and minus one standard deviation, again computed across the ensemble. The line for all detections is the sum of unique detections and revisits.

SNR demographic

The average across the ensemble of the characterization SNR for successful characterizations, separated by 15 mutually exclusive planet types plus exo-earths (16 categories total). The measure of variability given by the bars is the 25% and 75% quantiles of observed SNR across the ensemble. All distributions of SNR are truncated below because of the minimum SNR required for characterization. The planet types are as defined in the STDT report following Kopparapu et al., ApJ, 2018. more

The average across the ensemble of the characterization SNR for successful characterizations, separated by 15 mutually exclusive planet types plus exo-earths (16 categories total). The measure of variability given by the bars is the 25% and 75% quantiles of observed SNR across the ensemble. All distributions of SNR are truncated below because of the minimum SNR required for characterization. The planet types are as defined in the STDT report following Kopparapu et al., ApJ, 2018. less