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- [Giada] All right,
well, thank you Tiffany.

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And I really wanna thank
ExoPAG for inviting me

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to speak here on behalf of one

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of these planetary mission concepts.

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I think it's really wonderful

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that there's increased
planetary solar system

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and Exoplanets synergies going on.

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So I'm Giada Arney from NASA Goddard.

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I'm a member of the Exoplanet community,

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but I'm also a member
of The Venus Community,

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and I'm honored to be here
today wearing my Venus hat,

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speaking on behalf of the DAVINCI team,

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which is one of the
four discovery concepts

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that was recently selected.

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The goal of DAVINCI is to explore both

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the past and present state of Venus.

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Next slide please.

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So there's a lot of
reasons why I think Venus

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is so compelling to think about

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in the context of Exoplanets.

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One of those reasons is the
fact that we think Venus

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like Exoplanets are likely to be common.

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Another reason is that,

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not only are they likely to be common,

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but we think that the
James Webb Space Telescope

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is going to be biased towards detecting

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these hot terrestrial planets

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over more temperate cooler
terrestrial planets,

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just because they're on shorter orbits,

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so they're gonna transit more frequently.

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But what draws me in particular
to a planet like Venus,

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that even though it's currently

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one of the most uninhabitable environments

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in our solar system.

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It may have had oceans
in it's distant past,

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there's chemical evidence
in the atmosphere

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in the form of the
deuterium to hydrogen ratio,

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suggesting that Venus may
have lost a lot of water

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at some undefined time ago.

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And if that's true,

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and if Venus ever truly was habitable,

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by studying the full history of Venus,

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we can understand the
full story of the life

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and death of habitability
up close and personal

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on a world that's right next
door in our solar system.

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And what's also really
interesting about this

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in the context of Exoplanets,

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is that there's been recent work.

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Mike Wei has done a lot of this

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and he's really really cool.

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Thinking about how climatic feedbacks

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on a slowly rotating planet like Venus

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could have enabled its early habitability

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in the same way that these
same climatic feedbacks

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are occurring on slowly rotating,

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synchronously rotating
planets around M dwarf.

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And so by studying and
understanding these processes

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that may have occurred on early Venus,

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we might simultaneously help ourselves

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to understand analogous properties

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that we might actually observe
occurring on Exoplanets.

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Next slide, please.

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Throws in a bit for me,

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but I'm gonna assume hopefully

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it's advanced for other folks.

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To the DAVINCI mission

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is really meant

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to address some of these
long standing gaps,

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We have in Venus research.

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It's been decades since we've
had a US mission to Venus.

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And so we wanna go back there

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and we wanna study Venus both
from above and from within,

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within the atmosphere.

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This mission is composed of
both an orbital component

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and also a descent probe component

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that will fall through the atmosphere

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over the course of about an hour.

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While doing that,

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it'll take detailed
compositional measurements

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of the atmosphere and also look down

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at the surface to help us understand

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what the surface
composition is made out of.

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The launch surely, is a notional launch,

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is planned for 2026,

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and I wanna draw everyone
here your attention

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to the fact that that would overlap

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with JBG's team timeline (laughs),

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assuming JBG's team launches next year

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and has the notional lifetime

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that it's expected to have.

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Then while JBG's team might
be making observations

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of Venus like Exoplanets,

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we might have a mission to this Exoplanet

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in our backyard right here in
the form of DAVINCI at Venus.

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So here's some of the questions

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we would like to have answered.

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They include things like,

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what is the origin and evolution

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of the Venus atmosphere?

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How and why is Venus different or similar

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to Earth and Mars and
also to analog Exoplanets.

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This question of this early
ocean did it actually exist?

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And if it did exist, how
much water was there?

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How long did it last?

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When did that water go?

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We have questions we have, you know,

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unknowns about the atmosphere,

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what is the detailed
composition of the atmosphere,

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we wanna go to Venus so that
we can actually understand

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that atmospheric composition

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throughout the entire column,

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including below the clouds,

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which is quite an
inaccessible environment.

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And lastly, we want to understand

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the origin of these
enigmatic service features

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that are called tesserae.

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So, tesserae are these really interesting,

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highland highly deformed
plateaus on Venus.

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And what makes them so fascinating

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to a lot of people is the fact that,

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tesserae are interpreted by some people

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to be older than the
surrounding basaltic terrain,

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they're also interpreted by some people

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to be different in composition

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than the surrounding terrain.

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People have even suggested

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that they might be based
on emissivity measurements

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of these things.

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That they might be more
granitic in composition

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and the surrounding basalt,

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which has gotten a lot of
people excited about them

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because granitic landscapes,

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at least on earth granites are formed

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from continent building processes.

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So it's, it's possible we don't know

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but it's possible that
maybe these surface features

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might be relics of a very ancient past,

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and so by going there and
helping ourselves, you know,

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to understand them better,

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you might start to unlock the clues

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to what exactly happened
on Venus in the past.

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Next slide please.

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Think it might be
refreshing slowly for me,

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but I'll assume everybody
sees the next slide.

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So we're going to tesserae region.

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The descent probe is
going to tesserae region

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called Alpha Regio,

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which is indicated here
on this map of Venus.

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And so this again is one

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of those interesting tesserae regions

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that were fascinated by,

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because it might be more
granitic in composition

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compared to the surrounding terrain

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and so we wanna go there,

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we wanna make detailed compositional

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and geological measurements
of this interesting site

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as we descend to the atmosphere

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and also, you know,

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make measurements of the
atmosphere as we're descending.

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Next slide.

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I'll assume it's refreshed for others,

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I can't see the next slide but,

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some of the things that
we wanna learn are,

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we wanna learn about the noble gases.

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The noble gases are interesting

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because they're non reactive.

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So they will tell us about the full origin

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and evolution of this planet,

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including gases like Xenon,

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which Kevin (indistinct)
stands up and talks about

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in like every single meeting
that I see him talk about.

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So we're gonna go and we're gonna try

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to really nail some of
those noble gas abundances.

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We wanna understand the
deuterium to hydrogen ratio,

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which people use to understand

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the history of water on Venus,

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because this deuterium
to hydrogen ratio we see

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in the atmosphere is interpreted

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to be this signal of ancient water loss.

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We wanna--

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- [Tiffany] Yeah I'm sorry to jump in.

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Just you're at the seven minute mark.

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So this (indistinct) wrap up.

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Yeah, that'd be great.

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Thank you.

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- [Giada] We wanna understand
the surface geology

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as I mentioned before, and lastly,

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we of course wanna
understand the chemistry

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and the composition of the atmosphere,

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both so we can understand Venus

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and so we can apply models
of Venus's atmosphere

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to Exo Venus analogs.

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And the next slide is my last slide,

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where I just wanna say Venus
is a planet for everybody.

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It's an exciting planet.

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All four of these discovery,

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mission concepts are incredibly exciting.

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We have two wonderful
mission opportunities

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to go to Venus in the form
of DAVINCI and VERITAS,

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which you heard about earlier.

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So Venus is waiting

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and I hope you're all
excited about it like I am.

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Thanks