1 00:00:00,780 --> 00:00:01,780 - [Mark] Well first, 2 00:00:02,640 --> 00:00:05,130 thanks to the organizers for inviting me 3 00:00:05,130 --> 00:00:08,450 and giving me a chance to tell everybody 4 00:00:08,450 --> 00:00:10,170 something little about CASE 5 00:00:10,170 --> 00:00:12,640 and what we're doing right now. 6 00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:14,040 We can go onto the next slide 7 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:15,930 and we'll be featuring art 8 00:00:15,930 --> 00:00:18,040 from the walking out of high school 9 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:20,240 to kinda help tell the story of exoplanets 10 00:00:20,240 --> 00:00:21,340 as we go through this. 11 00:00:22,219 --> 00:00:23,640 So the landscape for CASE 12 00:00:23,640 --> 00:00:25,770 is that it's a partner mission to ARIEL. 13 00:00:25,770 --> 00:00:30,150 So NASA is making a contribution to the ARIEL info mission. 14 00:00:30,150 --> 00:00:33,860 CASE was conditionally selected in 2017 15 00:00:33,860 --> 00:00:38,860 and then selected for implementation in 2019 in November 16 00:00:39,830 --> 00:00:42,260 and we're on, what's called a slow roll, 17 00:00:42,260 --> 00:00:44,030 so we're slowly ramping up 18 00:00:44,030 --> 00:00:47,683 to the project full implementation phase. 19 00:00:50,080 --> 00:00:53,913 ARIEL and CASE, will study atmospheres of planets, 20 00:00:54,960 --> 00:00:59,010 so this is a survey of exoplanet atmospheres 21 00:00:59,010 --> 00:01:01,700 using the chart transit method 22 00:01:01,700 --> 00:01:05,020 by which we mean transits, eclipses and phase curves, 23 00:01:05,020 --> 00:01:08,360 and so this is a great follow-on to the NASA Kepler 24 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:09,770 and Tess missions 25 00:01:09,770 --> 00:01:11,180 and CASE will address the 26 00:01:11,180 --> 00:01:13,420 NASA science plan objective to discover 27 00:01:13,420 --> 00:01:15,550 and study planets around other stars 28 00:01:15,550 --> 00:01:17,520 and explore whether they could harbor life. 29 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:18,593 Next slide please. 30 00:01:20,940 --> 00:01:24,710 So I'll give you a brief ARIEL mission overview. 31 00:01:24,710 --> 00:01:29,710 This is a mission that will launch in 2028. 32 00:01:29,870 --> 00:01:33,060 It's a three and a half year prime mission 33 00:01:33,060 --> 00:01:35,063 which will operate mainly at L2. 34 00:01:36,210 --> 00:01:38,980 The telescope has a one meter effective aperture 35 00:01:39,830 --> 00:01:44,230 and the wavelengths coverage is 0.5 to 7.8 microns, 36 00:01:44,230 --> 00:01:45,850 continuous spectral coverage, 37 00:01:45,850 --> 00:01:47,593 and acquired all at the same time. 38 00:01:49,630 --> 00:01:52,760 The mission will make a large survey 39 00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:54,200 of exoplanet atmospheres. 40 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:57,190 The exact numbers are not specified, 41 00:01:57,190 --> 00:02:01,930 but it's about a thousand transiting exoplanets 42 00:02:01,930 --> 00:02:03,740 that this mission will survey. 43 00:02:03,740 --> 00:02:06,750 It'll conduct that survey using a tiered strategy. 44 00:02:06,750 --> 00:02:10,000 So there'll be a tier one reconnaissance survey, 45 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:11,310 then there'll be a second tier 46 00:02:11,310 --> 00:02:13,270 that selects several hundred targets 47 00:02:13,270 --> 00:02:16,963 for more detailed study, a third tier for, 48 00:02:18,450 --> 00:02:20,190 kind of extremely detailed studies 49 00:02:20,190 --> 00:02:23,280 and then there's recently been a fourth tier added to 50 00:02:23,280 --> 00:02:25,460 accommodate phase curves. 51 00:02:25,460 --> 00:02:28,140 The exact division of targets 52 00:02:28,140 --> 00:02:29,700 and observing among those tiers 53 00:02:29,700 --> 00:02:31,400 is something that the science team 54 00:02:34,434 --> 00:02:37,053 will be defining as time goes on. 55 00:02:38,910 --> 00:02:42,350 The ARIEL consortium, the payload consortium, 56 00:02:42,350 --> 00:02:47,350 consists of 17 ESA member states in the U.S. 57 00:02:48,380 --> 00:02:50,100 and I've got the link in the slides, 58 00:02:50,100 --> 00:02:52,940 if you wanna find out more about the ARIEL mission. 59 00:02:52,940 --> 00:02:53,883 Next slide please. 60 00:02:57,190 --> 00:03:01,090 So ARIEL was really designed to connect to these 61 00:03:01,090 --> 00:03:03,520 kind of some of the big questions about exoplanets 62 00:03:03,520 --> 00:03:06,483 that require a statistical mission to really understand. 63 00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:11,870 Those include questions like what are planets made of, 64 00:03:11,870 --> 00:03:15,183 how do they form, how planets in their atmospheres evolve? 65 00:03:16,730 --> 00:03:20,530 These are powerful questions that have brought appeal 66 00:03:20,530 --> 00:03:23,810 and there are certainly scientifically compelling as well. 67 00:03:23,810 --> 00:03:24,803 Next slide please. 68 00:03:28,160 --> 00:03:31,230 Now one of the nice things about a CASE and ARIEL is 69 00:03:34,620 --> 00:03:36,780 how well they compliment on our synergistic 70 00:03:36,780 --> 00:03:39,053 with James Webb Space Telescope. 71 00:03:39,900 --> 00:03:43,290 I like to use this metaphor for 72 00:03:43,290 --> 00:03:45,950 describing the relationship between CASE/ARIEL 73 00:03:45,950 --> 00:03:49,390 and James Webb of camera lenses. 74 00:03:49,390 --> 00:03:51,690 So James Webb is sort of a telephoto lens. 75 00:03:51,690 --> 00:03:54,530 It's going to give us tremendously powerful 76 00:03:54,530 --> 00:03:59,283 and detailed views of a modest number of planets. 77 00:04:01,080 --> 00:04:04,257 Several dozen, perhaps 50 or a hundred, 78 00:04:05,123 --> 00:04:10,100 and those will be, again, tremendously detailed observations 79 00:04:10,100 --> 00:04:12,483 because of its outstanding capability. 80 00:04:13,770 --> 00:04:16,240 ARIEL is more of the wide angle lens 81 00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:20,360 that is gonna show how individual planets 82 00:04:20,360 --> 00:04:23,523 fit in to the broader family of exoplanets. 83 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:28,050 So these two missions are really synergistic. 84 00:04:28,050 --> 00:04:31,370 Together they're gonna revolutionize the field of 85 00:04:32,210 --> 00:04:34,530 studying exoplanet atmospheres, 86 00:04:34,530 --> 00:04:36,960 both through the detailed investigation 87 00:04:36,960 --> 00:04:40,133 and placing the field on a firm statistical foundation. 88 00:04:40,990 --> 00:04:41,963 Next slide please. 89 00:04:46,450 --> 00:04:51,450 The wavelengths coverage of the ARIEL mission 90 00:04:51,980 --> 00:04:54,803 really allows a lot of different science. 91 00:04:55,900 --> 00:04:58,250 What I'm showing here on this slide 92 00:04:58,250 --> 00:05:03,250 is a forecast for observing some target in the T2 survey. 93 00:05:06,500 --> 00:05:10,140 So this is a target that had a good spectroscopic signature 94 00:05:10,140 --> 00:05:11,880 in the reconnaissance survey, 95 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:14,170 and then has been further followed up 96 00:05:14,170 --> 00:05:16,870 to increase the signal to noise. 97 00:05:16,870 --> 00:05:20,070 There are two instruments on ARIEL. 98 00:05:20,070 --> 00:05:22,110 One is the air spectrograph, 99 00:05:22,110 --> 00:05:26,490 which covers approximately two to 7.8 microns, 100 00:05:26,490 --> 00:05:29,820 and then there is the Fine Guidance System, 101 00:05:29,820 --> 00:05:31,410 where the CASE detectors sit, 102 00:05:31,410 --> 00:05:35,123 which covers 0.5 to 1.95 microns. 103 00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:39,550 And one of the things that you can see in this simulation 104 00:05:39,550 --> 00:05:44,550 is that the same atmosphere has been modeled 105 00:05:44,840 --> 00:05:47,833 for a clear CASE, a hazy CASE and a cloudy CASE. 106 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:53,210 And those three different conditions 107 00:05:53,210 --> 00:05:56,350 are harder to tell apart at longer wavelengths, 108 00:05:56,350 --> 00:05:59,340 where the air spectrograph takes data. 109 00:05:59,340 --> 00:06:03,390 But in the wavelengths recorded by the CASE detectors, 110 00:06:03,390 --> 00:06:07,360 we can see there's a very clear difference 111 00:06:07,360 --> 00:06:10,453 between these three different atmospheric conditions. 112 00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:13,670 That capability is really what gives rise 113 00:06:13,670 --> 00:06:15,070 to the CASE science objectives, 114 00:06:15,070 --> 00:06:18,770 which are to determine the occurrence rate of aerosol, 115 00:06:18,770 --> 00:06:21,260 clouds and hazels, in exoplanet atmospheres, 116 00:06:21,260 --> 00:06:23,710 and to measure the geometric albedo 117 00:06:23,710 --> 00:06:26,500 with the larger objective of trying to 118 00:06:26,500 --> 00:06:28,860 constrain the aerosol composition. 119 00:06:28,860 --> 00:06:32,860 So part of the CASE project will be to provide aerosol 120 00:06:32,860 --> 00:06:34,750 and albedo science data products, 121 00:06:34,750 --> 00:06:35,820 and that will be provided 122 00:06:35,820 --> 00:06:37,923 as part of our role in the consortium. 123 00:06:38,850 --> 00:06:43,673 But then, through the CASE project we'll also mirror 124 00:06:44,620 --> 00:06:48,920 and preserve the entire consortium data products 125 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:50,530 of the U.S. science community. 126 00:06:50,530 --> 00:06:53,488 And that'll be done through our partnership with NExScI. 127 00:06:53,488 --> 00:06:54,388 Next slide please. 128 00:06:58,610 --> 00:07:00,630 So we have specific requirements 129 00:07:00,630 --> 00:07:05,630 on our aerosol sensitivity in our albedo, 130 00:07:06,020 --> 00:07:10,363 because the sample is not well-defined at this point, 131 00:07:12,380 --> 00:07:15,060 the science team is gonna make this up, 132 00:07:15,060 --> 00:07:18,720 or construct the sample in part with input from James Webb 133 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:21,123 and with new discoveries from TESS, 134 00:07:22,190 --> 00:07:25,290 it's hard to know exactly what the sample is gonna be. 135 00:07:25,290 --> 00:07:26,790 So we've positioned ourselves 136 00:07:26,790 --> 00:07:29,480 with significant science margins to accommodate 137 00:07:30,430 --> 00:07:32,580 some of the uncertainty in that sample, 138 00:07:32,580 --> 00:07:34,400 and that's shown here. 139 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:35,323 Next slide please. 140 00:07:39,440 --> 00:07:44,160 Now this slide and the next slide are gonna illustrate, 141 00:07:44,160 --> 00:07:46,650 kind of what the hardware contribution for CASE is 142 00:07:46,650 --> 00:07:49,603 and how we fit into the overall picture for ARIEL. 143 00:07:51,310 --> 00:07:56,310 So on the top right, you see an image of the ARIEL mission 144 00:07:57,370 --> 00:08:00,060 with the science payload sitting on the spacecraft. 145 00:08:00,060 --> 00:08:05,060 On the lower right, I'm zooming in on the optical bench 146 00:08:07,390 --> 00:08:09,190 that's on the back of the telescope. 147 00:08:10,400 --> 00:08:14,640 The ARIEL infrared spectrograph is sort of the 148 00:08:14,640 --> 00:08:19,113 slightly pinkish colored pair of boxes, 149 00:08:19,950 --> 00:08:23,230 and to the right of that is a green box, 150 00:08:23,230 --> 00:08:25,210 which is the Fine Guidance System. 151 00:08:25,210 --> 00:08:28,120 Now the Fine Guidance System has four bands. 152 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:33,120 The Vis-Phot band from 0.5 to 0.55 microns, 153 00:08:34,070 --> 00:08:38,210 then the FGS1, FGS2 photometry bands, 154 00:08:38,210 --> 00:08:39,980 and then the NIR-Spec channel, 155 00:08:39,980 --> 00:08:43,820 which is a low resolution prism based spectrometer. 156 00:08:43,820 --> 00:08:46,940 Those four bands together, again, cover between 0.5 157 00:08:46,940 --> 00:08:49,730 and 1.95 microns. 158 00:08:49,730 --> 00:08:53,870 And all those bands can be used for science 159 00:08:53,870 --> 00:08:57,700 and in the case of the FGS bands, 160 00:08:57,700 --> 00:09:00,180 they also have an engineering role, 161 00:09:00,180 --> 00:09:04,520 because those are what generate the pointing signal 162 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:06,543 for the payload monitoring system. 163 00:09:07,550 --> 00:09:08,513 Next slide please. 164 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:16,030 So our hardware contribution is a pair of 165 00:09:17,030 --> 00:09:20,923 infrared detectors in their assemblies. 166 00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:24,670 These are called the sensor chip assemblies 167 00:09:25,960 --> 00:09:27,763 by the engineers who work on 'em. 168 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:31,570 Those are connected by Cryo Flex Cables to 169 00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:35,240 two sets of cold front end electronics, 170 00:09:35,240 --> 00:09:40,240 which are what digitize the analog video signals 171 00:09:40,660 --> 00:09:42,710 coming from the detector. 172 00:09:42,710 --> 00:09:46,200 The cold front end electronics are themselves very special. 173 00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:47,640 They operate at a cold, 174 00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:51,290 but at a different cold temperature from the detectors 175 00:09:51,290 --> 00:09:56,290 and so they're enclosed in an isolating structure 176 00:09:56,500 --> 00:09:59,480 which provides mechanical isolation, environmental control, 177 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:00,660 and they have a radiator 178 00:10:00,660 --> 00:10:03,120 and a heater system for maintaining 179 00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:04,620 their operational temperature. 180 00:10:05,670 --> 00:10:06,673 Next slide please. 181 00:10:10,690 --> 00:10:13,050 Now the hardware that we're contributing 182 00:10:15,397 --> 00:10:18,920 to the ARIEL mission, has enormous heritage. 183 00:10:20,800 --> 00:10:23,070 So the detectors are coming from Euclid 184 00:10:23,070 --> 00:10:25,592 and in terms of the design 185 00:10:25,592 --> 00:10:28,760 and the heritage and so are the SIDECAR electronics, 186 00:10:28,760 --> 00:10:33,570 so there's basically no new technology here. 187 00:10:33,570 --> 00:10:36,330 This is really leveraging the NASA investment 188 00:10:36,330 --> 00:10:38,700 in contribution to Euclid 189 00:10:38,700 --> 00:10:41,800 and we're doing that again for CASE. 190 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:45,470 On the left of the slide, you can see a top view 191 00:10:45,470 --> 00:10:49,270 on the optical bench for ARIEL 192 00:10:49,270 --> 00:10:53,663 showing the Fine Guidance System with kind of a sketch 193 00:10:54,700 --> 00:10:56,940 of what the internal optics of that looked like, 194 00:10:56,940 --> 00:10:58,423 and then the two detectors, 195 00:10:59,470 --> 00:11:02,729 which are cabled up to the focal point electronics. 196 00:11:02,729 --> 00:11:04,900 (dog barks) 197 00:11:04,900 --> 00:11:06,340 I am very sorry. 198 00:11:06,340 --> 00:11:08,650 Yes, I do live with a dog. 199 00:11:08,650 --> 00:11:09,529 Next slide please. 200 00:11:09,529 --> 00:11:10,487 (dog barks) 201 00:11:10,487 --> 00:11:12,987 (shushes dog) 202 00:11:14,390 --> 00:11:15,600 I was very pleased 203 00:11:16,540 --> 00:11:20,730 when the National Academy of Science Consensus Report 204 00:11:20,730 --> 00:11:24,160 for Exoplanet Science Strategy recommended 205 00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:27,803 and endorsed NASA participation in CASE. 206 00:11:28,660 --> 00:11:30,960 I'll call your attention two quotes from that. 207 00:11:32,057 --> 00:11:34,110 "The U.S. exoplanet community would benefit 208 00:11:34,110 --> 00:11:35,727 from participation in ARIEL." 209 00:11:36,663 --> 00:11:39,160 And, "U.S. scientists would benefit from the CASE mission 210 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:41,490 by participating in the planning, execution, 211 00:11:41,490 --> 00:11:44,230 and exploitation of the ARIEL survey." 212 00:11:44,230 --> 00:11:47,250 And I'll also apologize, 213 00:11:47,250 --> 00:11:49,170 if I seem a little distracted sometimes. 214 00:11:49,170 --> 00:11:50,880 Just below the plane of the camera 215 00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:52,980 is that loud dog you heard barking, 216 00:11:52,980 --> 00:11:55,293 snooping me with her nose from time to time. 217 00:11:56,640 --> 00:11:57,837 Next slide please. 218 00:12:02,420 --> 00:12:06,090 One of my favorite aspects of CASE 219 00:12:06,090 --> 00:12:08,370 and the ARIEL mission as a whole 220 00:12:08,370 --> 00:12:12,300 is how easy it is to communicate the excitement of this, 221 00:12:12,300 --> 00:12:13,133 with other people 222 00:12:13,133 --> 00:12:14,110 and really share that. 223 00:12:16,870 --> 00:12:20,450 This is a piece of art that I actually have on my wall, 224 00:12:20,450 --> 00:12:24,902 in my office at JPL, as it was... 225 00:12:24,902 --> 00:12:26,230 (beeping) 226 00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:27,063 Sorry. 227 00:12:27,922 --> 00:12:29,400 (beeping) 228 00:12:29,400 --> 00:12:34,400 In a photograph of it being created by these young artists 229 00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:36,760 as part of an outreach program, 230 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:39,640 that Anya Biferno was doing at the time. 231 00:12:39,640 --> 00:12:44,020 Outreach is really, really easy with a mission like this. 232 00:12:44,020 --> 00:12:45,820 It's just tremendously exciting 233 00:12:45,820 --> 00:12:49,560 and that's something I really like about this mission. 234 00:12:49,560 --> 00:12:50,510 Next slide, please. 235 00:12:52,220 --> 00:12:53,053 - [Tiffany] Hey Mark, just to address on, 236 00:12:53,053 --> 00:12:55,100 you're at the roughly 12 minute mark. 237 00:12:55,100 --> 00:12:56,160 - [Mark] Okay, very good. 238 00:12:56,160 --> 00:12:57,110 - [Tiffany] Thanks. 239 00:12:58,371 --> 00:13:02,053 - [Mark] The CASE science team did some simulations to, 240 00:13:03,780 --> 00:13:08,770 kinda look at the science capability of CASE scenario. 241 00:13:08,770 --> 00:13:11,000 We have not conducted a full study, 242 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:12,900 but we chose to really look at 243 00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:15,370 what the tier one reconnaissance survey would do 244 00:13:16,300 --> 00:13:20,940 and I'll refer you to the Zellem et al paper from 2019, 245 00:13:20,940 --> 00:13:22,490 it's a great summary. 246 00:13:22,490 --> 00:13:25,690 What we found is that the tier one reconnaissance survey, 247 00:13:25,690 --> 00:13:29,470 at least for the topic of constraining 248 00:13:29,470 --> 00:13:31,940 planet formation scenarios through measurement 249 00:13:31,940 --> 00:13:34,410 of the mass-metallicity relationship, 250 00:13:34,410 --> 00:13:36,060 was that that tier one survey 251 00:13:36,060 --> 00:13:38,220 was very scientifically powerful. 252 00:13:38,220 --> 00:13:40,020 And so in my view, 253 00:13:40,020 --> 00:13:42,150 it shouldn't just be called a reconnaissance survey, 254 00:13:42,150 --> 00:13:47,060 it's capable of generating a lot of exciting 255 00:13:47,060 --> 00:13:48,690 science results all on its own. 256 00:13:48,690 --> 00:13:50,790 So we're very pleased about that. 257 00:13:50,790 --> 00:13:51,743 Next slide, please. 258 00:13:55,800 --> 00:14:00,310 There are some new results in the community, 259 00:14:00,310 --> 00:14:02,900 highlighting both theoretical 260 00:14:02,900 --> 00:14:06,390 and laboratory work on aerosols, 261 00:14:06,390 --> 00:14:08,950 which I think is both exciting 262 00:14:08,950 --> 00:14:11,250 and really underscores the importance 263 00:14:11,250 --> 00:14:14,240 of the CASE science objectives 264 00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:17,480 and some of the data products that we'll be providing. 265 00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:22,090 I also thought I'd point to some of the recent work 266 00:14:22,090 --> 00:14:25,220 on the evolution of small planet atmospheres 267 00:14:25,220 --> 00:14:28,180 and like this is another area 268 00:14:28,180 --> 00:14:30,280 that since we submitted the CASE proposal 269 00:14:30,280 --> 00:14:31,830 has really come to the fore 270 00:14:31,830 --> 00:14:33,463 and so a statistical mission like ARIEL 271 00:14:33,463 --> 00:14:38,463 will be able to provide insight into probing 272 00:14:39,100 --> 00:14:42,340 a significant number of these atmospheres, 273 00:14:42,340 --> 00:14:46,130 where the envelopes have undergone substantial evolution, 274 00:14:46,130 --> 00:14:47,203 even for sub-Neptune. 275 00:14:48,300 --> 00:14:49,313 Next slide, please. 276 00:14:53,110 --> 00:14:55,860 All right now, part of CASE is a 277 00:14:55,860 --> 00:14:58,350 science community engagement activity, 278 00:14:58,350 --> 00:15:00,840 and there are really three major areas here. 279 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:05,500 One is input on defining observational priorities 280 00:15:05,500 --> 00:15:08,540 and of course, James Webb is gonna be very impactful 281 00:15:08,540 --> 00:15:10,520 in informing those decisions. 282 00:15:10,520 --> 00:15:12,620 One is precursor observations, 283 00:15:12,620 --> 00:15:17,410 and this includes, ephemeris maintenance, improved star 284 00:15:17,410 --> 00:15:20,530 and planet parameters, system characterization. 285 00:15:20,530 --> 00:15:24,890 And finally, we'll be providing access to the CASE 286 00:15:24,890 --> 00:15:27,050 and ARIEL science data products. 287 00:15:27,050 --> 00:15:29,370 Again, the CASE project will provide 288 00:15:29,370 --> 00:15:31,950 the science data products through NExScI 289 00:15:31,950 --> 00:15:34,120 and that's, again, both our aerosol 290 00:15:34,120 --> 00:15:35,810 and albedo science data products, 291 00:15:35,810 --> 00:15:40,090 and also mirroring the mission 292 00:15:40,090 --> 00:15:41,690 science data products for ARIEL. 293 00:15:43,050 --> 00:15:44,940 Also the CASE science team 294 00:15:47,310 --> 00:15:49,560 is gonna be doing some community engagement. 295 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:52,600 We're planning some meetings starting later this year 296 00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:55,680 and this is really an opportunity for the U.S. community 297 00:15:55,680 --> 00:15:57,920 to start the dialogue of providing input 298 00:15:57,920 --> 00:15:59,950 to the ARIEL observing priorities. 299 00:15:59,950 --> 00:16:02,500 That's a discussion which is gonna be going on 300 00:16:02,500 --> 00:16:03,660 for several years. 301 00:16:03,660 --> 00:16:07,423 So it's not an emergency to jump into that now. 302 00:16:08,480 --> 00:16:10,870 It really is gonna be an ongoing discussion 303 00:16:10,870 --> 00:16:13,370 because the mission is launching in 2028. 304 00:16:14,590 --> 00:16:16,230 So we'll probably spend about the next six years 305 00:16:16,230 --> 00:16:17,580 to finding the target list. 306 00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:24,290 We wanna gather input from U.S. science community. 307 00:16:24,290 --> 00:16:27,600 The way that works is to bring input to the science team, 308 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:30,900 in the minute that gets looked at 309 00:16:30,900 --> 00:16:32,780 and then recommendations get passed onto me 310 00:16:32,780 --> 00:16:35,850 and I sit on the ARIEL Co-PI board, 311 00:16:35,850 --> 00:16:39,910 which is the formal voice in the consortium, 312 00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:44,433 for helping establish what the mission priorities are. 313 00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:48,360 There'll also be this opportunity 314 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:49,653 to participate with the CASE science team, 315 00:16:49,653 --> 00:16:52,790 it's gonna be modeled on the TESS community science team. 316 00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:56,010 And this is an activity that Jacob Bean, 317 00:16:56,010 --> 00:16:59,333 who's the science team lead for CASE, will be leading. 318 00:17:00,430 --> 00:17:04,130 I think at this point I'd like to stop 319 00:17:04,130 --> 00:17:07,980 and pause for questions while we leave some, 320 00:17:07,980 --> 00:17:11,490 you know, these are kind of big picture inspirational, 321 00:17:11,490 --> 00:17:16,490 types of statements, which I think are extremely important, 322 00:17:18,790 --> 00:17:21,083 but I'd like to leave time for questions. 323 00:17:24,347 --> 00:17:25,270 - [Tiffany] Okay, great, thanks Mark. 324 00:17:25,270 --> 00:17:26,510 We do have a couple of questions, 325 00:17:26,510 --> 00:17:27,700 we won't get through all of them, 326 00:17:27,700 --> 00:17:30,340 so I encourage you to visit the FIDO site after this 327 00:17:30,340 --> 00:17:32,393 and respond to them in kind. 328 00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:35,384 Let's see, we've got one question. 329 00:17:35,384 --> 00:17:38,850 When you say CASE area will observe thousands of exoplanets, 330 00:17:38,850 --> 00:17:40,840 what do you mean by observe? 331 00:17:40,840 --> 00:17:43,080 What is the spectral resolution obtained? 332 00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:46,080 Can you talk a bit more about the tiered observing strategy? 333 00:17:47,940 --> 00:17:51,350 So to answer the first question, 334 00:17:51,350 --> 00:17:54,880 the observed in this sense means 335 00:17:54,880 --> 00:17:56,633 a minimum observing a transit. 336 00:17:57,750 --> 00:17:58,780 And so that will be done 337 00:17:58,780 --> 00:18:00,930 in the context of the reconnaissance survey 338 00:18:03,210 --> 00:18:08,210 and that survey establishes the candidates 339 00:18:08,980 --> 00:18:12,370 which will be evaluated for consideration 340 00:18:12,370 --> 00:18:15,370 for follow-on observations in the tier two 341 00:18:15,370 --> 00:18:16,810 or tier three surveys. 342 00:18:16,810 --> 00:18:17,770 I'm sorry, could you remind me 343 00:18:17,770 --> 00:18:19,770 about the rest of the question, Tiffany? 344 00:18:20,630 --> 00:18:23,171 - [Tiffany] The spectral resolution? 345 00:18:23,171 --> 00:18:26,550 - [Mark] The spectral resolution (poor audio drowns sound). 346 00:18:26,550 --> 00:18:29,830 So we have three photometric channels, 347 00:18:29,830 --> 00:18:33,850 we have a spectral resolution of about 10 or 15 348 00:18:34,930 --> 00:18:39,930 in the near infrared prism based spectrometer channel 349 00:18:41,690 --> 00:18:42,523 and I don't know that 350 00:18:42,523 --> 00:18:44,483 that's a hundred percent finalized yet. 351 00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:49,060 Then the spectral resolution is, 352 00:18:49,060 --> 00:18:53,647 I think it's around 200 in the short wavelength 353 00:18:55,660 --> 00:18:57,600 half of the air spectrograph, 354 00:18:57,600 --> 00:19:02,130 and I think it's around 40 in the long wavelength path. 355 00:19:02,130 --> 00:19:07,130 And again, there may be some minor adjustments there. 356 00:19:08,910 --> 00:19:11,520 So the spectral resolution varies quite a bit 357 00:19:11,520 --> 00:19:12,970 from channel to channel. 358 00:19:14,750 --> 00:19:18,200 - [Tiffany] I would think from tier to tier perhaps as well. 359 00:19:18,200 --> 00:19:21,680 - [Mark] No, the data is always recorded 360 00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:24,030 at the spectral resolution of the instrument. 361 00:19:24,030 --> 00:19:29,030 How it gets averaged, that's a post-processing question. 362 00:19:32,570 --> 00:19:34,330 - [Tiffany] Got it, thanks. 363 00:19:34,330 --> 00:19:36,370 Let's see, yeah, questions coming in fast 364 00:19:36,370 --> 00:19:37,203 and furious here. 365 00:19:37,203 --> 00:19:39,387 I see one jumped in the up votes. 366 00:19:39,387 --> 00:19:40,220 (laughs) 367 00:19:40,220 --> 00:19:42,120 What is the impact to ARIEL science case 368 00:19:42,120 --> 00:19:44,270 if TESS doesn't find enough suitable planets? 369 00:19:44,270 --> 00:19:46,270 So, you know, the count is less than 370 00:19:46,270 --> 00:19:48,120 the thousands that's being aimed for? 371 00:19:53,866 --> 00:19:58,330 - [Mark] We'll look at fewer targets more times 372 00:19:58,330 --> 00:20:00,390 is the short answer. 373 00:20:00,390 --> 00:20:03,130 They'll also probably have an opportunity 374 00:20:03,130 --> 00:20:05,400 to do more phase curves. 375 00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:08,100 Right now, I forget exactly 376 00:20:08,100 --> 00:20:10,940 what the minimum number of targets is for the mission, 377 00:20:10,940 --> 00:20:12,910 I think it's something like 400, 378 00:20:12,910 --> 00:20:17,000 and I remember an email going by where 379 00:20:19,791 --> 00:20:21,980 it was being pointed out that we'd met the 380 00:20:21,980 --> 00:20:26,833 minimum number of targets criteria, several weeks ago. 381 00:20:26,833 --> 00:20:31,833 So, there'll be several hundred targets at a minimum 382 00:20:33,060 --> 00:20:37,800 and I think it's reasonable to expect 383 00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:40,000 there'll be over a thousand good candidates.